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芳野　極
Takashi YOSHINO
地球、惑星の内部構造と進化の過程に研究の興味があります。
研究 略歴 業績
研究について

地球深部物質の物性
川井式マルチアンビル型高圧発生装置、１段圧しマルチアンビル型高圧発生装置、ピストンシリンダー型高圧発生装置を用いた高圧実験によるアプローチで、地球深部を構成する物質の物性の決定を行っています。

●マントル鉱物の電気伝導度

地球のマントルがどのような組成からなり、どのような鉱物で構成されているのか、どのような温度構造を持っているのかを知る上で、地震学的な観測 データと高温高圧下における鉱物や岩石の物性データとの比較が主要な手段として用いられています。一方で、最近の地球電磁気学的観測データに基づいたマン トルの電気伝導度構造の研究の進展により、高温高圧下における鉱物、岩石の電気伝導度との比較が可能になってきています。マントル鉱物の電気伝導度は、少 量の不純物（水）や鉄の濃度依存性が強いので、マントルの鉱物組成に大きく制約を与えることができます。また、熱活性化過程による強い温度依存性を持つこ とから、マントルの温度構造に強い制約を与えます。しかしながら、高圧鉱物の電気伝導度データは非常にまだ少なく、すでに報告されているデータも大きな不 確かさを持つので、さらなる研究が求められています。そこで、マントル鉱物の電気伝導度の測定を高温高圧下で行い、水や鉄の効果を調べています。


● 固液２相系の物性

地球の成層構造は、主に固液の分離を通じてできあがったものと考えられています。また、現在でも地球の内部は部分的に融解していたり、水などの流 体相が存在していることが観察されています。液相の存在は、岩石の物性に大きく影響するので、液相の金属・メルト・水の地球内部での分布形態は、浸透率、 弾性波速度、電気伝導度、レオロジー特性を考える上で本質的に必要な知識です。これらの知識は非常に重要であるにも関わらず、高温高圧実験で得られた知識 はまだまだ足りません。アプローチとしてはアナログ物質を用いた実験的手法が行われてきていますが、分布形態を支配している界面エネルギーは化学組成、温 度、圧力などのパラメーターに強く依存します。したがって、地球深部の温度圧力といった物理条件を再現して、固液複合系の実験を行っています。


● 多相系の物性

地球のマントルは単相の鉱物で構成されているわけではなく、実際には２相以上の鉱物によって構成されています。つまり、単相のデータから得られた 情報を直接地球内部に応用することはできないので、複合系の物性を知る必要があります。そこで、よりマントル物質に近い多相系の電気伝導度や鉱物の分布形 態を高圧実験によって明らかにしたいと考えています。


● 粒成長則

地球深部物質のレオロジーを支配する１つの要因として鉱物や金属の粒径の情報は、クリープメカニズムや粘性を考慮するうえで大切です。


● 下部地殻の進化

下部地殻は、マントルに比較して浅部に位置するにも関わらず、その進化の過程や物性にはまだまだ多くの未解決の問題が残っています。北西ヒマラヤ に位置するコヒスタン弧には大規模に下部地殻が露出しているので、地質学的アプローチによって下部地殻の進化過程の研究を行っています。
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略歴

学歴
1993.3 静岡大学理学部地球科学科卒
1995.3 静岡大学大学院理学研究科修士課程地球科学専攻修士課程終了
1998.3 東京大学大学院理学系研究科博士後期課程　博士号（理学）取得

職歴
1999.4～2001.3　東京大学地震研究所　COE研究員
2001.4～2003.3　岡山大学固体地球研究センター　機関研究員
2003.4～2005.3　学術振興会研究員（岡山大学固体地球研究センター）
（2003.8～2005.3　Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute）
2005.4～2005.10　学術振興会研究員（岡山大学地球物質科学研究センター）
2005.11～2008.1　岡山大学地球物質科学研究センター　COE研究員
2008.2～現在　岡山大学地球物質科学研究センター　准教授

所属学会
日本地質学会、日本地震学会、アメリカ地球物理学連合(AGU)
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業績

査読つき原著論文

1) T. Yoshino, H. Yamamoto, T. Okudaira and M. Toriumi, 1998. Crustal thickening of the lower crust of the Kohistan arc (N. Pakistan) deduced from Al-zoning in clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16, 729-748.

2) H. Yamamoto and T. Yoshino, 1998. Superposition of replacements in the mafic granulites of the Jijal complex of the Kohistan arc, Northern Pakistan: dehydration and rehydration within deep arc crust. Lithos, 43, 219-234.

3) 亀田純・木村学・Melinikov, O.A.・早坂康隆・橋本善孝・坂島俊彦・新井孝志・芳野極・鈴木紀毅、2000. サハリン最北部の地質構造からみた北米・ユーラシアプレート収束境界のテクトニクス　地学雑誌109(2)、235-248.

4) T. Yoshino and M. Satish-Kumar, 2001. Origin of scapolite in deep-seated metagabbros of the Kohistan Arc, NW Himalayas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 140, 511-531.

5) T. Yoshino, 2001. Role of water in conductive anomalies and seismic reflections in the lower crust. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, 76, 479-500.

6) T. Yoshino, K. Mibe, A. Yasuda and T. Fujii, 2002. Wetting properties of anorthite aggregates: implication for fluid connectivity in continental lower crust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(B1), 2027, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000440.

7) S. Ono, K. Mibe and T. Yoshino, 2002. Aqueous fluid connectivity in pyrope aggregates: water transport into the deep mantle by a subducted oceanic crust without any hydrous minerals. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 203, 895-903.

8) T. Yoshino, M. J. Walter and T. Katsura, 2003. Core formation in planetesimals triggered by permeable flow. Nature, 422, 154-157.

9) K. Mibe, T. Yoshino, S. Ono, A. Yasuda and T. Fujii, 2003. Connectivity of aqueous fluid in eclogite and its implications for fluid processes in the Earth’s interior. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B6), 2295, doi: 10.1029/2002JB001960.

10) T. Katsura, H. Yamada, O. Nishikawa, M. Song, A. Kubo, T. Shinmei, S. Yokoshi, Y. Aizawa, T. Yoshino, M. J. Walter, E. Ito and K. Funakoshi, 2004. Olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, B02209, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002438.

11) M. J. Walter, A. Kubo, T. Yoshino, J. Brodholt, K. Koga and Y. Ohishi, 2004. Phase relations and equation-of-state of aluminous Mg-silicate perovskite and implications for Earth’s lower mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222, 501-516.

12) T. Yoshino, M. J. Walter and T. Katsura, 2004. Connectivity of molten Fe alloy in peridotite based on in situ electrical conductivity measurements: implications for core formation in terrestrial planets. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222, 625-643.

13) T. Yoshino and T. Okudaira, 2004. Crustal growth by magmatic accretion constrained by metamorphic P-T paths and thermal models of the Kohistan Complex, NW Himalayas. Journal of Petrology, 45, 2287-2302.

14) T. Yoshino and T. Okudaira, 2005. Growth and exhumation of the lower crust of the Kohistan arc, the NW Himalayas. In Granulite Facies Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution (ed. H. Thomas), Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, pp. 178-207.

15) T. Yoshino and E.B. Watson, 2005. Growth kinetics of FeS melt in partially molten peridotite: An analog for core-forming processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235, 453-468.

16) T. Yoshino, Y. Takei, D.A. Wark and E.B. Watson, 2005. Grain boundary wetness of texturally equilibrated rocks, with implications for seismic properties of the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B08205, doi:10.1029/2004JB003544.

17) T. Yoshino, J.D. Price D.A. Wark and E.B. Watson, 2006. Effect of faceting on pore geometry in texturally equilibrated rocks: implications for low permeability at low porosity. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152, 169-186.

18) T. Yoshino, T. Matsuzaki, S. Yamashita and T. Katsura, 2006. Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere. Nature, 443, 973-976.

19) D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, H. Ohfuji, J. Ando, and A. Yoneda, 2006. Origin of seismic anisotropy in the D" layer inferred from shear deformation experiments on post-perovskite phase. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 372-378.

20) T. Yoshino and D. Yamazaki, 2007. Grain growth kinetics of CaIrO3 perovskite and post-perovskite, with implications for rheology of D" layer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 255 (3-4), 485-493.

21) T. Yoshino, Y. Nishihara and S. Karato, 2007. Complete wetting of olivine grain boundaries by hydrous melt near the mantle transition zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256 (3-4), 466-472.

22) D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, Y. Tange, T. Yoshino, S. Zhai, H. Fukui, A. Shatskiy, T. Katsura and K. Funakoshi, 2007. Phase boundary between ilmenite and perovskite structures in MnGeO3 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. Phys. Chem. Mineral., 34 (4), 269-273.

23) T. Yoshino, G. Manthilake, T. Matsuzaki, T. Katsura, 2008. Dry mantle transition zone inferred from the conductivity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, Nature, 451 (7175), 326-329.

24) Yoshino T., Nishi M., Matsuzaki T., Yamazaki D., Katsura T., Electrical conductivity of majorite garnet and its implications for electrical structure in the mantle transition zone, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 170, 193-200, 2008.

25) T. Yoshino, D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, T. Katsura, No interconnection of ferro-periclase in post-spinel phase inferred from conductivity measurement, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L22303, 2008.

26) M. Matsui, E. Ito, T. Katsura, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, A. Yokoyama, K. Funakoshi, The temperature-pressure-volume equation of state of platinum, J. Appl. Phys, 105, 013505, 2009.

27) T. Katsura, S. Yokoshi, K. Kawabe, A. Shatskiy, M. A. G. M. Manthilake, S. Zhai, H. Fukui, H. A. C. I. Hegoda, T. Yoshino, D. Yamazaki, T. Matsuzaki, A. Yoneda, E. Ito, M. Sugita, N. Tomioka, K. Hagiya, A. Nozawa, K. Funakoshi, P-V-T relations of MgSiO3 perovskite determined by in situ X-ray diffraction using a large-volume high-pressure apparatus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01305, 2009.

28) E. Ito, H. Fukui, T. Katsura, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, Y. Aizawa, A. Kubo, S. Yokoshi, K. Kawabe, S. Zhai, A. Shatzkiy, M. Okube, A. Nozawa, K. Funakoshi, Determination of high-pressure phase equilibria of Fe2O3 using the Kawai-type apparatus equipped with sintered diamond anvils,Am. Min., 94, 205-209, 2009.

29) T. Katsura, T. Yoshino, T. Matsuzaki, G. Manthilake, Electrical conductivity of olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, J. Mag. Min. Petrol. Sci., 38,33-38, 2009.

30) M. A. G. M. Manthilake, T. Matsuzaki, T. Yoshino, S. Yamashita, E. Ito, T. Katsura, Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function oftemperature and water content, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174, 10-18, 2009.

31) T. Yoshino, T. Katsura, Reply to Comments on“Electrical conductivity of wadsleyite as a function of temperature and water content” by Manthilake et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 174, 22-23, 2009.

32) T. Katsura, A. Shatskiy, M.A.G.M. Manthilake, S. Zhai, D. Yamazaki, T.Matsuzaki, T. Yoshino, A. Yoneda, E. Ito, M. Sugita, N. Tomioka, A. Nozawa, K. Funakoshi, P-V-T relations of wadsleyite determined by in situ X-ray diffraction in a large-volume high-pressure apparatus, Geophysical Research Letters, L11307, 2009.

33) T. Yoshino, D. Yamazaki, K. Mibe, Well-wetted olivine grain boundaries in partial molten peridotites in the asthenosphere, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 283, 167-173, 2009.

34) D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, T. Matsuzaki, T. Katsura, A. Yoneda, Texture of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and ferro-periclase aggregate: implications for rheology of the lower mantle, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 174, 138-144, 2009.

35) T. Yoshino, T. Katsura, Effect of iron content on electrical conductivity of ringwoodite, with implications for electrical structure in the mantle transition zone, Physic of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 174, 3-9, 2009.

36) T. Katsura, T. Yoshino, G. Manthilake, T. Matsuzaki, Electrical conductivity of the major upper mantle minerals: a review, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 50, 1139-1145, 2009.

37) T. Yoshino, T. Matsuzaki, A. Shatskiy, T. Katsura, The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates and its implications for the electrical structure of the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 288, 291-300, 2009.

38) T. Yoshino, Laboratory Electrical Conductivity Measurement of Mantle Minerals, Surveys in Geophysics, 31, 163–206, 2010.

39) X. Wu, B. Zhang, J. Xu, T. Katsura, S. Zhai, T. Yoshino, G. Manthilake, A. Shatskiy, Electrical conductivity measurements of periclase under high pressure and high temperature, Physica B, 405, 53–56, 2010.

40) E. Ito, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, H. Fukui, S. Zhai, A. Shatzkiy, T. Katsura, Y. Tange, K. Funakoshi, Pressure generation and investigation of the post-perovskite transformation in MgGeO3 by squeezing the Kawai-cell equipped with sintered diamond anvils, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 293, 84-89, 2010.

41) D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, T. Yoshino, X. Guo, S. Shun, M. Nishi, Y. Higo and K. Funakoshi, 2010. Preliminary reports on in situ X-ray observation of “post-perovskite” in CaRuO3. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 215, 012096.

42) E. Ito, T. Yoshino, D. Yamazaki, A. S. Shatzkiy, S. Shun, X. Guo, T. Katsura, Y. Higo and K. Funakoshi, 2010. High pressure generation and investigation of the spin transition of ferropericlase (Mg0.83,Fe0.17)O. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 215, 012099.

43) T. Yoshino, T. Katsura, D. Yamazaki and E. Ito, 2010. Electrical conductivity of mantle peridotite at the uppermost lower mantle condition. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 215, 012102.

44) B. Zhang, X.P. Wu, J. Xu, T. Katsura and T. Yoshino, 2010. Electrical conductivity of enstatite up to 20 GPa and 1600 K. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 53, 760-764.

45) T. Yoshino, M. Laumonier, E. McIsaac and T. Katsura, 2010. Electrical conductivity of basaltic and carbonatite melt-bearing peridotites at high pressures: implications for melt distribution and melt fraction in the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 295, 593-602.

46) D.J. Wang, H.P. Li, L. Yi, T. Matsuzaki and T. Yoshino, 2010. Anisotropy of synthetic quartz electrical conductivity at high pressure and température. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, B09211, DOI:10.1029/2009JB006695.

47) D. Yamazaki, T. Matsuzaki, and T. Yoshino, 2010. Grain growth kkinetics of majorite and stishovite in MORB: implications for the rheology of subducting slabs. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183, 183-189.

48) T. Katsura, A. Yoneda, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, E. Ito, 2010. Adiabatic temperature profile in the mantle. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183, 212-218.

49) D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, T. Katsura, T. Yoshino, S. Zhai, H. Fukui, A. Shatskiy, X. Guo, S. Shan, T. Okuchi, Y. Tange, Y. Higo, and K. Funakoshi, 2011. Phase boundary between perovskite and post-perovskite structures in MnGeO3 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements using sintered diamond anvils. American Mineralogists, 96, 89-92.

50) T.Yoshino, E. Ito, T. Katsura, D. Yamazaki, S. Shan, X. Guo, M. Nishi, Y. Higo, K. Funakoshi, Effect of iron content on electrical conductivity of ferro-periclase with implications for the spin transition pressure. J. Geophys. Res.116, B04202, 2011.

51) T. Yoshino, F. Noritake, Unstable graphite films on grain boundaries in crustal rocks., Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 306, 186-192, 2011.

52) X. Guo, T. Yoshino, I. Katayama, 2011. Electrical conductivity anisotropy of deformed talc rocks and serpentinites at 3 GPa. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior, 188, 69-81.

53) M. Satish-Kumar, H. So, T. Yoshino, M. Kato, Y. Hiroi, 2011. Experimental determination of carbon isotope fractionation between iron carbide melt and carbon: 12C-enriched carbon in the Earth’s core? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 310, 340-348.

54) M. Matsui, E. Ito, D. Yamazaki, T. Yoshino, X. Guo, S. Shan, Y. Higo and K. Funakoshi, 2012. Static compression of (Mg_0.83 ,Fe_0.17 )O and (Mg_0.75,Fe_0.25 )O ferropericlase up to 58 GPa at 300, 700, and 1100 K. American Mineralogist, 97, 176-183.

55) T. Yoshino, E. McIsaac, M. Laumonierand, T. Katsura, 2012. Electricalconductivity of partial molten carbonate peridotite. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 194-195, 1-9.

56) A. Shimojuku, T. Yoshino, D. Yamazaki, T. Okudaira, Electrical conductivity of fluid-bearing quartzite under lower crustal conditions, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,198-199, 1-8, 2012

57) T. Yoshino, T. Katsura, Re-evaluation of electrical conductivity of anhydrousand hydrous wadsleyite, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 337–338, 56–67, 2012.

58) T. Yoshino, A. Shimojuku, S. Shan, X. Guo, D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, Y. Higo, K. Funakoshi, Effect of temperature, pressure and iron content on the electrical conductivity of olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, J. Geophys. Res. 117, B08205, 2012.

59) F. Noritake, K. Kawamura, T. Yoshino, E. Takahashi, Molecular dynamics simulation and electrical conductivity measurement of Na2O-3SiO2 elt under high pressure; relationship between its structure and properties, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 358, 3109-3118, 2012.

60) B. Zhang, T. Yoshino, X. Wu, T. Matsuzaki, S. Shan, T. Katsura, 2012. Electrical conductivity of enstatite as a function of water content: implications for the electrical structure in the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 357-358, 11-20.

61) S. Kawano, T. Yoshino, I. Katayama, 2012. Electrical conductivity of magnetite-bearing serpentinite during shear deformation. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L20313, doi:10.1029/2012GL053652.

62) D. Yamazaki, E. Ito, T. Yoshino, A. Yoneda, X. Guo, B. Zhang, W. Sun, A.Shimojuku, N. Tsujino, T. Kunimoto, Y. Higo, K. Funakoshi, P-V-T equation of state for ε-iron up to 80 GPa and 1900 K using the Kawai-type high pressure apparatus equipped with sintered diamond anvils. Geophysical Research Letters, L20308, doi:10.1029/2012GL053540, 2012.

63) D. Nakatsuka, T. Yoshino, J. Kano, H. Hashimoto, M. Nakanishi, J. Takada, T. Fujii, 2013. High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic property of ilmenite-type FeGeO3. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 190, 520-524.

64) M. Satish-Kumar, T. Yoshino, H. So, M. Kato, Y. Hiroi, 2013. Carbon isotope fractionation in the Fe-C system at HPHT experiments: Reply to the comment by Reutsky and Borzdov, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 368, 222-224.

65) X. Guo and T. Yoshino, 2013. Electrical conductivity of dense hydrous magnesium silicates with implication for conductivity in the stagnant slab. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 369-370, 239-247.

66) T. Yoshino and T. Katsura, 2013. Electrical conductivity of mantle minerals: Role of water in conductivity anomalies. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41, 605-628.

67) S. Zhai, D. Yamazaki, W. Xue, L. Ye, C. Xu, S. Shan, E. Ito, A.Yoneda, T. Yoshino, X. Guo, A. Shimojuku, N.Tsujino, K.Funakoshi, P-V-T relations of γ-Ca3(PO4)2 tuite determined by in situ X-ray diffraction in a large-volume high-pressure apparatus, American Mineralogist, 2013, 98, 1811-181.

68) X. Guo, T. Yoshino, T. Okuchi, N. Tomioka, H-D interdiffusion in brucite at pressures up to 15 GPa, American Mineralogist, 2013, 98, 1919-1929.

69) Y. Mori, Y. Kaihara, S. Nakamura, T. Yoshino and K. Takarabe, 2013. High-pressure X-ray diffraction study and thermoelectric measurements of Mg_2 Si. Physica Status Solidi C, 10, 1847-1849.

70) A. Shimojuku, T. Kubo, T. Kato, T. Yoshino, M. Nishi, T. Nakamura, R. Okazaki and Y. Kakazu, 2014. Effects of pressure and temperature on the silicon diffusivity of pyrope-rich garnet. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 226, 28-38.

71) T. Yoshino, A. Shimojuku and D. Li, 2014. Electrical conductivity of stishovite as a function of water content. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 227, 48-54.

72) X. Guo, and T. Yoshino, 2014. Pressure-induced enhancement of proton conduction in brucite. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 813-819.

73) S. Mizutani, M. Satish-Kumar and T. Yoshino, 2014. Experimental determination of carbon isotope fractionation between graphite and carbonated silicate melt under upper mantle conditions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 392, 86-93.

74) A. Shimojuku, T. Yoshino and D. Yamazaki, 2014. Electrical conductivity of brine-bearing quartzite at 1 GPa: implications for fluid content and salinity of the crust. Earth, Planets and Space, 66: 2. doi: 10.1186/1880-5981-66-2

著書

1) T. Yoshino, 2011. Electrical properties of rocks. In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Physics, edited by H. Gupta, Springer, Netherland. pp. 270-276.

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